Best Documentaries About the Middle East

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Written By Habiba Abdou

Essential Viewings for Curious Minds

The Middle East is a region steeped in rich history, culture, and political intrigue. As such, it has been the focus of numerous documentaries that aim to shed light on the events and people shaping its complex landscape. These films provide insight into the dynamics of the area, and can be a valuable tool for understanding the various conflicts, social issues, and traditions that define the region.

From geopolitical tensions to personal stories, documentaries about the Middle East can offer a multitude of perspectives. Curating the best documentaries on the subject is no small task, but the films that stand out manage to offer depth, nuance, and thought-provoking insights. By watching these documentaries, viewers can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for the diverse cultures, historical events, and contemporary issues that influence the Middle East today.

Listed below are some of the best documentaries about the Middle East that have captivated audiences with their unique storytelling and factual accuracy. By exploring these films, one can cultivate a multifaceted viewpoint on a region that continues to evolve and fascinate the world.

The White Helmets

"The White Helmets" is a gripping documentary that showcases the life and work of volunteer rescue workers in Syria, also known as the Syrian Civil Defense. This group of brave individuals risk their lives to save others caught in the midst of the brutal conflict in the country. The film, directed by Orlando von Einsiedel and released in 2016, offers a deep insight into the horrors faced by ordinary Syrians, as well as the unwavering spirit of the White Helmets.

The documentary particularly focuses on the lives of these volunteers as they perform their duties – from first responders to rescue operations. It highlights their collective humanitarian efforts, and the challenges they face in the process. The film does an exceptional job of capturing the urgency and emotional intensity of their work. The White Helmets’ commitment to saving lives, regardless of political affiliation or religion, is a testament to their humanity.

One of the strengths of "The White Helmets" lies in its ability to humanize the people behind these acts of heroism. The documentary tells their personal stories, revealing the sacrifices they have made in pursuit of their mission. It highlights the camaraderie and resilience that has kept the White Helmets going, despite the risks and adversaries they face on a daily basis.

In summary, "The White Helmets" delivers a powerful narrative about the Syrian Civil Defense and their dedication to helping those in need during the ongoing conflict. The documentary stands as a tribute to their selflessness and courage, as well as a reminder of the profound impact of human kindness amidst tragedy.

For Sama

For Sama is a powerful documentary that highlights the realities of life in Aleppo, Syria during the recent civil war. The film, directed by Waad Al-Kateab and Edward Watts, showcases the experiences of Al-Kateab, a young Syrian mother, as she navigates the complexities of survival, love, and motherhood amidst a harrowing backdrop of conflict.

At its core, For Sama is a love letter from Al-Kateab to her daughter Sama, who was born during the war. The documentary uses Al-Kateab's personal footage and unique perspective to capture both the horrors and the humanity that emerged in the face of adversity. The film effectively illuminates the daily struggles families faced as they sought safety and security in a city reduced to rubble.

For Sama has been lauded for its raw and intimate depiction of the ongoing conflict in Syria. The documentary provides viewers with a rare glimpse into the lives of ordinary citizens affected by the turmoil, as well as the incredible efforts of those who provided aid or medical care amid the chaos. By joining Al-Kateab's journey, audiences are given the opportunity to bear witness to the resilience and determination of the Syrian people.

The film has received numerous awards and recognition for its masterful storytelling and unflinching portrayal of the human spirit. Among its accolades are the 2019 Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Documentary and the British Independent Film Award for Best British Independent Film. For Sama serves as a vital and unforgettable historic testimony, which will undoubtedly remain a significant cultural artifact for years to come.

Return to Homs

Return to Homs is a compelling documentary directed by Talal Derki, which chronicles the life of young activist Abdul Basset Saroot in the besieged city of Homs, Syria. As one of the most powerful accounts of the Syrian civil war, the film offers a unique perspective on the lives of those caught in the crossfire of government and rebel forces.

The documentary unfolds between August 2011 and August 2013, capturing the rapid escalation of violence and destruction in the city. It follows Basset, a former goalkeeper for the Syrian national soccer team, who becomes an influential protest leader and symbol of the revolution for many of his fellow citizens.

Return to Homs stands out as an intimate portrayal of life under siege, revealing the human side of the conflict. It captures the courage, struggle, and sacrifice of ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. The film also highlights the impact of the conflict on children, as many grow up witnessing and experiencing the horrors of war.

A key feature of the documentary is its unflinching portrayal of the adverse conditions and dangers faced by the citizens of Homs. Instances of sniper attacks, aerial bombings, and physical pain endured by the protestors serve as a sobering reminder of the grave situation they are navigating every day.

What makes Return to Homs even more significant is the fact that it was filmed amidst the conflict, with director Talal Derki and his crew risking their lives to offer an authentic and firsthand account of the events. The film has received numerous accolades, including the Sundance Film Festival's World Cinema Grand Jury Prize for Documentary in 2014.

In conclusion, Return to Homs is a vital piece in understanding the complexities and the human dimension of the Syrian crisis. The documentary serves as a testament to the resilience and courage of the Syrian people and offers a unique viewpoint into one of the most contested regions in the Middle East.

A World Not Ours

A World Not Ours is a compelling documentary that takes viewers on a journey into the lives of Palestinians living in Lebanon. Directed by Mahdi Fleifel, this award-winning film provides a gripping insight into the Palestinian refugee community in the Ain el-Helweh camp.

The documentary follows the life of the filmmaker's family and friends over several years, capturing their daily struggles and experiences. Fleifel's unique perspective enables viewers to understand the complexities and challenges faced by this marginalized and largely forgotten community.

A reoccurring theme in A World Not Ours is the notion of identity. Many of the camp's residents have been born and raised in Lebanon yet are unable to obtain Lebanese citizenship or full rights. This predicament leaves them feeling stuck in limbo, perpetually waiting for a solution to their statelessness.

Another striking aspect of the film is its portrayal of the camp's youth. These young individuals are full of energy, aspirations, and potential, but are met with limited opportunities. The documentary sheds light on the impact of this reality, examining the various ways in which the youth navigate their circumstances.

A World Not Ours masterfully combines personal narratives with archival footage to paint an absorbing portrait of the Palestinian refugee experience. The film encourages its audience to reflect on the larger geopolitical implications of the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, while also celebrating the resilience and spirit of the community it portrays.

5 Broken Cameras

"5 Broken Cameras" is a powerful documentary that provides a unique perspective on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Directed by Palestinian activist Emad Burnat and Israeli filmmaker Guy Davidi, the film showcases the struggle of the residents in the West Bank village of Bil'in through the lens of Burnat's five different cameras, which were destroyed during the course of filming.

The film primarily revolves around the non-violent resistance of the villagers against the construction of the Israeli separation barrier and the expansion of illegal Israeli settlements on their land. The documentary takes the audience on an emotional journey as it reveals the human impact of the conflict and the resilience of the villagers in their fight for justice.

The strength of "5 Broken Cameras" lies in its authentic storytelling and intimate portrayal of the lives of ordinary people. The filmmakers manage to capture the tension, fear, and frustration experienced by the people of Bil'in, as well as their hope and determination for a better future.

Some notable moments in the film include the demonstrations that took place every Friday in Bil'in, where Israeli and international activists would join the villagers in protest against the occupation and land confiscation. The filmmakers also document the daily instances of violence faced by the villagers, including night raids by the Israeli army and the use of tear gas, rubber bullets, and even live ammunition against protesters.

"5 Broken Cameras" is a remarkable and compelling documentary that raises awareness about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and brings the human experience to the forefront. By offering an unbiased and nuanced depiction of the situation on the ground, the film serves as an essential viewing for those seeking to understand the complexities of this ongoing struggle.

Saudi Women’s Driving School

Saudi Women’s Driving School is a remarkable documentary shedding light on the lives of women in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on their journey towards gaining the right to drive, a significant milestone in the fight for gender equality and women's rights.

The film, directed by Erica Gornall, is set in the capital city of Riyadh, where a driving school exclusively for women opened in response to King Salman's 2018 decree lifting the ban on female drivers. It explores the different aspects of learning to drive for Saudi women, including the social, familial, and personal challenges they face while breaking traditional norms.

The documentary introduces viewers to a diverse group of female students with various backgrounds and reasons for joining the driving school. Some of these women seek personal freedom and independence, while others aim to find better job opportunities by overcoming their dependence on male drivers.

One of the strengths of this documentary lies in its ability to capture the daily lives of Saudi women within a patriarchal society. It unveils the complex relationships between women and their male guardians, shedding light on the internal struggles of these women who strive to navigate their new-found autonomy.

In conclusion, Saudi Women’s Driving School offers a unique perspective into the lives of women in Saudi Arabia, who are redefining their roles and breaking the barriers in a deeply conservative society. The film serves as an eye-opening account of the resilience and courage exhibited by these women, while also highlighting the slow but steady progress towards greater gender equality in the Middle East.

He Named Me Malala

He Named Me Malala is a remarkable documentary that tells the inspiring story of Malala Yousafzai, a young Pakistani girl who became an international symbol of hope and courage after being shot by the Taliban for advocating for girls' education. Directed by acclaimed filmmaker Davis Guggenheim, the film provides a compelling insight into Malala's life, her family, and her unwavering commitment to fighting for the rights of girls.

One of the key aspects of the documentary is its exploration of Malala's relationship with her father, Ziauddin Yousafzai. The film reveals how Ziauddin, an educator and activist, played an instrumental role in shaping Malala's character and instilling a strong sense of justice in her. Through a series of interviews with Malala and her family, the documentary offers an intimate look at their life in the Swat Valley and the challenges they faced under the Taliban regime.

The film also delves into the impact of Malala's activism on her life and her family. Alongside the personal struggles and triumphs, the documentary touches upon the broader socio-political context of Pakistan, opening a window into the complex realities of life in a country grappling with issues of extremism, education, and gender inequality. As such, He Named Me Malala serves as both an intimate portrait of a heroic young woman and a powerful statement on the importance of education and human rights.

In terms of its visual style and storytelling techniques, the documentary effectively combines live-action footage, animation, and archival material. This engaging approach not only helps to make the film accessible to a wide audience but also contributes to its emotional resonance. Interspersed with the animation are moments of Malala's speeches, ensuring that her voice is heard throughout the film.

Overall, He Named Me Malala stands as a testament to the power of education and the resilience of the human spirit, offering an inspiring portrait of a young girl whose courage and determination continue to make a difference in the world.

Gaza Surf Club

Gaza Surf Club is a captivating documentary directed by Philip Gnadt and Mickey Yamine, released in 2016. The film dives into the lives of young Palestinians who find solace and freedom in surfing the waves along the coast of the Gaza Strip. Amidst the harsh living conditions, political turmoil, and social constraints, the members of the club seek an escape from their everyday struggles through the sport of surfing.

The documentary presents a unique perspective on life in Gaza that is often not shown in traditional media coverage of the region. By focusing on the personal stories of the surfers, the film sheds light on the undeniable passion and resilience that emerges against the backdrop of conflict and hardship. The narrative is centered on the club's charismatic founder, Mohammed Abu Jayab, along with several other intriguing members who share their love for the sport as well as their aspirations for a better future.

In addition to the captivating storylines, the cinematography of Gaza Surf Club is exceptional, capturing the stunning natural beauty of the Mediterranean coastline while portraying the emotional connections between the characters, their environment, and their surfboards. The film's visual storytelling is enhanced by an evocative soundtrack that reflects the cultural fusion of the Middle East and the sport of surfing.

Gaza Surf Club is a notable documentary which breaks the stereotypes often associated with the region, and highlights the human spirit and its powerful ability to thrive even in the most challenging circumstances. This film is a must-watch for anyone seeking a greater understanding of the Middle East's complexities through the lens of a unique subculture.

Unmasking Jihadi John: Anatomy of a Terrorist

This documentary offers an in-depth look at the life of Mohammed Emwazi, the man infamously known as Jihadi John. The film delves into his radicalization process, tracking his early life in London to his emergence as the sinister executioner for ISIS. With interviews from those who knew him, as well as insights from intelligence professionals, this documentary provides a comprehensive portrait of a modern-day terrorist.

One of the key elements of the film is its exploration of Emwazi's upbringing in West London. Raised in a middle-class family, his environment was far from one where extremism seemed likely to take root. The documentary sheds light on the factors that may have contributed to his radicalization, including isolation, social struggles, and a growing sense of alienation.

Another notable aspect is the way the documentary showcases the brutality of Jihadi John's crimes. Through the inclusion of horrifying footage and detailed accounts from former hostages and their families, the audience is exposed to the true terror that ISIS inflicted upon its victims. By doing so, the film highlights not only the atrocities committed by Emwazi but also uncovers the inner workings of the terrorist organization.

In addition to the life and deeds of Jihadi John, the documentary investigates the role of Western counterterrorism agencies and their hunt for the notorious killer. Featuring interviews with experts and former operatives, viewers get a behind-the-scenes look at the intelligence gathering and operational efforts that ultimately led to his identification and death.

"Unmasking Jihadi John: Anatomy of a Terrorist" delves into one of the most frightening figures of our time. By providing a comprehensive view into his radicalization, the documentary serves as a powerful reminder of the dangers posed by extremist ideologies and the challenges faced by those tasked with combating them.

Cairo Drive

Cairo Drive is a fascinating documentary that explores the chaotic and lively streets of Cairo, Egypt. Directed by Sherief Elkatsha, this film provides an insightful look into the complexity of Egyptian life during a time of immense political and social change, from 2009 to 2012.

The documentary is centered around the city's transportation system and delves into various aspects of Cairo's driving culture. Through numerous interviews with local drivers, passengers, and traffic police, viewers gain an understanding of the intricacies of navigating Cairo's gridlocked streets. It also highlights the role of social classes, where owning a car is seen as a status symbol and the public transportation system is often unreliable.

While Cairo Drive primarily focuses on the everyday life of Egyptian citizens, it also subtly touches upon political events, such as the Arab Spring and the subsequent ousting of dictator Hosni Mubarak. The film captures both the frustrations and hopes of the Egyptian people during this tumultuous period, making it a valuable documentary for those interested in the region's history and culture.

A few key aspects that make Cairo Drive stand out include:

  • Authenticity: The film is shot in a vérité style, allowing viewers to experience Cairo's streets in an unfiltered and genuine manner.

  • Humor: Despite the serious undertones, Cairo Drive incorporates moments of humor and lightheartedness, providing a human touch to the film.

  • Accessibility: By focusing on the universal theme of transportation, the documentary manages to capture the essence of Cairo without getting bogged down in political discussions.

In summary, Cairo Drive delivers a captivating glimpse into the unique and multifaceted world of Cairo's streets, appealing to a broad audience interested in the Middle East, societal structures, and the impact of political upheaval on everyday life.

Saudi Arabia Uncovered

Saudi Arabia Uncovered is a compelling documentary that provides an in-depth look into the secretive kingdom. Produced by ITV in 2016, this film sheds light on the political, social, and economic aspects of life in Saudi Arabia. The documentary combines hidden camera footage, interviews, and expert analysis to explore the complex web of issues within the country.

The film begins by focusing on the Saudi government's strict interpretation of Islam known as Wahhabism. This strict interpretation affects every aspect of life, from social customs and women's rights to the severe consequences of public dissent. The documentary presents the strict dress code for women, the religious police enforcing these codes, and the relentless crackdown on protesters and activists.

Additionally, the filmmakers delve into the humanitarian crisis in Yemen caused by the Saudi-led intervention. They showcase the consequences of bombing campaigns and the resulting civilian casualties. The documentary also highlights the environmental impact of the war, discussing the depletion of natural resources and destruction of vital infrastructure.

Finally, the documentary examines the paradoxical nature of Saudi Arabia's relationship with Western nations. It provides examples of how the kingdom benefits from arms deals, diplomatic ties, and a robust oil industry while maintaining strict domestic policies that are incompatible with Western values.

Teta, Alf Marra (Grandma, A Thousand Times)

Teta, Alf Marra is a compelling documentary that offers a personal and intimate look into the life of a spirited grandmother living in Beirut. Directed by the talented Lebanese filmmaker, Mahmoud Kaabour, this documentary captures the essence of family life and the cultural richness Lebanon has to offer.

The documentary primarily takes place in Teta Fatima's small apartment in Beirut. Through a series of conversations and interactions, viewers are introduced to the strong bond between a grandmother and her beloved grandson, Mahmoud. Not only does Teta, Alf Marra provide a window into this tender relationship, but it also exposes the viewers to the rich oral history of the region.

One of the most striking aspects of Teta, Alf Marra is the way it weaves together themes of family, history, and politics. During the film, Teta Fatima reminisces about her past, sharing memories of her days as a young woman and recounting the story of her marriage to a violinist. Through her stories, viewers gain an insight into the shifting political landscape of the Middle East at the time.

The documentary is particularly noteworthy for its authentic portrayal of everyday life in Lebanon. The film's vivid and evocative imagery brings the region's vibrancy and energy to life and provides an enriching experience for viewers.

In conclusion, Teta, Alf Marra is a must-watch documentary for those interested in understanding the lives, culture, and experiences of people in the Middle East. By skillfully weaving together powerful personal narratives and historical context, this film offers an enlightening glimpse into the heart and soul of Lebanon and its people.

One Day in the Haram

One Day in the Haram is a captivating documentary that provides a remarkable insight into the life and experiences of those who visit and work in the Holy Mosque of Mecca, the most sacred site in Islam. Directed by Abrar Hussain, the film is dedicated to showcasing a complete day in the life of the Haram and its fascinating inner workings.

The documentary is visually stunning, with high-quality cinematography presenting the awe-inspiring architecture and the spiritual atmosphere that surrounds the Kaaba, the cubic structure towards which all Muslims around the world direct their prayers. Featuring interviews with a diverse range of individuals, including pilgrims, security personnel, and religious scholars, One Day in the Haram offers a holistic view of what happens behind the scenes at this internationally renowned religious site.

One of the most striking aspects of the documentary is its focus on the incredible logistics and efforts that are required to maintain the Haram. From the cleaning staff who work tirelessly to keep the mosque pristine, to the Zamzam water distribution system, and the high-tech security measures in place, the viewer is given an unprecedented glimpse into the operational side of the spiritual hub.

In addition, the film delves into the spiritual aspects and personal stories of those who visit the Haram. Through these narratives, the viewer gains an understanding of the diversity of experiences and emotions that people bring to the sacred site, as well as the deep sense of connection and belonging that the place fosters.

By presenting this comprehensive and intimate view of the Haram, One Day in the Haram allows the audience to witness the profound impact that the spiritual center has on the millions of Muslims who visit each year. This documentary serves as an essential viewing for anyone interested in deepening their understanding of Islam and the importance of the Holy Mosque of Mecca.

A Girl in the River

"A Girl in the River: The Price of Forgiveness" is a gripping documentary about honor killings in Pakistan, directed by Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy. This Oscar-winning film chronicles the story of Saba, a young woman who survived an attempted honor killing by her family. Saba was shot and thrown into a river for marrying a man without her family's approval.

The documentary provides an in-depth look into the harsh realities faced by women in the Middle East, often subjected to discriminatory practices governed by tradition. It also showcases the flawed legal system, where victims' families can forgive the perpetrators, leading to their release from the punishments.

One of the key aspects of the film is the courage exhibited by Saba, who decided to fight for justice despite the immense societal pressures. The documentary's powerful storytelling captures the viewers' attention, shedding light on crucial issues that persist in the region.

While "A Girl in the River" is based in Pakistan, it serves as a stark reminder of the challenges faced by women across the Middle East. It is an essential watch for anyone interested in understanding the complexity of gender-based violence in this part of the world.

Wild Arabia

Wild Arabia is a captivating documentary series that takes viewers on a journey through the diverse landscapes and rich cultural history of the Arabian Peninsula. Produced by the BBC, this three-part series showcases the natural beauty, wildlife, and people of the region, providing an in-depth look at the various aspects that make the Middle East so fascinating.

In the first episode, "Sand, Wind, and Stars," the viewers are taken to the vast deserts of Arabia, where they get a glimpse of the nomadic Bedouin tribes and their unique way of life. The documentary showcases the Arabian Peninsula's diverse wildlife like the Arabian oryx, sand gazelle and the sand cats, which have adapted to live in the harsh desert environment. Additionally, it provides a closer look at the Rub' al Khali, or the "Empty Quarter," which is the largest continuous sand desert in the world.

The second episode, "The Jewel of Arabia," focuses on the coastal regions and the marine life that thrives in the Arabian Sea and the Red Sea. Viewers are introduced to the coral reefs and their incredible biodiversity, including green turtles, spinner dolphins, and whale sharks. The episode also highlights the region's important history as a hub for trade and maritime routes.

The final episode, "Shifting Sands," explores the dramatic changes that have occurred in the Arabian Peninsula over the past century. From the discovery of oil, which has transformed the economies of countries like Saudi Arabia, to the rapid modernization of cities like Dubai, the documentary highlights how these changes have significantly impacted the region's environment and culture.

Throughout the series, Wild Arabia manages to maintain a confident, knowledgeable, and neutral tone while presenting clear and concise information about the Middle East's many wonders. For anyone interested in learning more about this fascinating region, this documentary series serves as a compelling and engaging introduction.

Conclusion

The documentaries about the Middle East offer insightful, well-researched, and thought-provoking perspectives on the region's history, culture, and politics. Five Broken Cameras takes a personal, powerful narrative approach; The Square provides an up-close look at a pivotal moment in Egypt's modern history; and Bitter Lake dives deep into the complex web of geopolitics in the region.

These documentaries, along with others like Ghosts of Aleppo, which tracks the lives of Syrian rebels during the war, and Last Men in Aleppo, which documents the experiences of rescue workers in conflict zones, provide audiences with a greater understanding of the Middle East's complexities and realities. These films serve as essential resources for anyone interested in exploring the region's multifaceted history and present state.

By watching these documentaries, viewers can gain a deeper knowledge of the Middle East, which can foster a more informed, thoughtful, and empathetic global dialogue. It is crucial for audiences to look beyond surface-level news and instead immerse themselves in the stories of the people on the ground, who live through these trying times. These documentaries play a vital role in ensuring the world remains aware and committed to understanding the intricate dynamics of this important region.

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Habiba Abdou
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