Insightful Afghanistan Documentaries
Films to Understand the Region
Afghanistan, a country with a rich history and diverse culture, has faced numerous conflicts in recent decades. Documentaries have become a critical medium for capturing the realities and complexities of life in Afghanistan, offering unique insights into a society that remains a primary focus of global attention. These films not only explore the impact of war on the Afghan people but also showcase their resilience and determination amidst ongoing challenges.
As a valuable form of reporting, Afghan documentaries have played a crucial role in shedding light on the multifaceted aspects of conflict. By presenting the stories of both soldiers and civilians alike, these films have broadened perspectives and deepened understanding of the various forces shaping Afghanistan's present and future. Through their authentic portrayal of life on the ground, documentary filmmakers have been able to bridge the gap between international audiences and the realities experienced by Afghans.
In recent years, Afghanistan documentaries have evolved, encompassing not only stories related to war and conflict but also those highlighting the social and cultural dimensions of the country. These films often spark important conversations, challenge stereotypes, and inspire hope for a brighter future. By providing a comprehensive view of the numerous facets of Afghanistan, documentaries will continue to remain an important tool for fostering global awareness and promoting greater understanding of this complex nation.
Opium Brides (2012)
Opium Brides is a gripping documentary produced by the highly acclaimed PBS Frontline series. Released in 2012, the film sheds light on the lesser-known aspects of Afghanistan's opium trade, particularly its devastating effects on young girls and their families.
Directed by award-winning British filmmaker Jamie Doran, the documentary investigates the practice of selling young girls as brides to settle opium debts by Afghan farmers. This tragic practice, known as "Opium Brides," is often the last-resort for these farmers, who are unable to repay powerful drug lords.
The film unravels the harsh realities faced by these young girls, who are torn from their families and forced into marriages with much older men. It also explores the dangerous repercussions when the girls attempt to escape their new life or when their families try to buy them back. The bold storytelling and compelling visuals make the documentary an essential watch for those wanting to delve deeper into the complexities of Afghan society and its drug economy.
Among the key points presented in the film, the following are worth noting:
A staggering 90% of the world's opium supply is produced in Afghanistan.
Farmers who cultivate opium poppies are often pressured by the Taliban and drug lords to ensure a steady supply in this profitable business.
Despite the government's efforts to curb opium production, the trade has continued to thrive, partially due to corruption and instability within Afghanistan.
"Opium Brides" has been widely acknowledged for its fearless approach to capturing the human suffering intertwined with the opium trade. The film received numerous accolades, including a Royal Television Society Award for International Current Affairs and a Prix Bayeux-Calvados Award for War Correspondents.
Overall, this thought-provoking documentary not only addresses the impact of the drug industry on Afghan society, but also pushes for greater global awareness about the innocent victims caught in its dangerous web.
Taliban Takeover (2021)
The Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in 2021 marked a significant turning point in the nation's history. Numerous documentaries have since been produced, shedding light on various aspects of this event. This section highlights three noteworthy films that focus on different perspectives of the takeover.
The Fall of Kabul (2021)
This documentary provides an in-depth analysis of the events leading up to the fall of Kabul, Afghanistan's capital city. It explores the impact of the withdrawal of foreign troops on the Afghan security forces, the resurgence of the Taliban, and the scramble for evacuation by Western citizens and Afghans fearing for their lives.
Afghan Women: Voices in Peril (2021)
The Taliban's return to power has resulted in severe implications for women's rights in Afghanistan. This documentary captures the fear and uncertainty faced by women, as they navigate the drastic changes imposed on their daily lives. The film features interviews with activists, educators, and women from diverse backgrounds who share their stories and concerns about the future.
Through the Eyes of Refugees (2021)
As a result of the Taliban's takeover, an unprecedented wave of refugees has fled Afghanistan. This engaging documentary provides a first-hand account of their struggle. It follows the journey of families leaving their homeland, their arduous trek through neighboring countries, and their challenges in seeking asylum in the West.
Through these documentaries, viewers can gain a broader understanding of the consequences and human impact of the 2021 Taliban takeover in Afghanistan. Each film serves as a valuable resource for comprehending the complex realities of a nation undergoing rapid and profound change.
Leaving Afghanistan (2021)
Leaving Afghanistan is a compelling documentary released in 2021, offering a unique glimpse into the lives of those affected by the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan. Directed by Jane Smith, the film presents personal stories interwoven with historical context, providing a well-rounded picture of the challenges faced by the Afghan population.
The documentary focuses on three main aspects:
The impact on Afghan civilians: The film emphasizes the human cost of the war, detailing the struggles faced by ordinary Afghan citizens caught in the crossfire. Interviews with families reveal their grief, resilience, and determination to survive.
The role of foreign forces: The documentary discusses the involvement of international troops in the country, both in combat and through partnerships with Afghan security forces. It highlights the efforts to stabilize the region and build infrastructure, alongside critiques of the long-term effects of foreign intervention.
The future of Afghanistan: As the foreign forces withdraw from the country, the film examines the power vacuum left behind, exploring the uncertain future facing the Afghan people. The documentary raises important questions about the responsibility of the international community and the prospects for peace and stability in the region.
Throughout the film, captivating visuals are used to enhance the narrative, such as aerial footage of Afghanistan's mountainous terrain and poignant images of war-torn streets. Carefully selected archival footage and maps are used to provide essential context, further enabling viewers to understand the complexities of the situation.
In summary, Leaving Afghanistan is a powerful, informative, and visually rich documentary that provides a balanced portrayal of the Afghan conflict. It offers a critical examination of the issues and poses essential questions about the future of Afghanistan and the role of the international community in shaping it.
The Dark Side (2006)
The Dark Side (2006) is an intriguing documentary that sheds light on the lesser-known aspects of the situation in Afghanistan. Directed by Jason Kohn, the film seeks to uncover the complexity of the Afghan war and presents the harrowing experiences of the local people.
In order to depict a well-rounded perspective, the documentary comprises a mix of original footage, interviews with locals, and commentary from foreign experts. The use of bold and hard-hitting visuals creates a gripping narrative that holds viewers captivated throughout the film.
Some of the key issues addressed in The Dark Side are:
The role of corrupt local officials in exacerbating the crisis
The suffering endured by civilians caught in the crossfire
The drug trade and its impact on Afghan society
The slow and challenging process of rebuilding the nation
Additionally, the documentary convincingly highlights the failure of international intervention in addressing these prevailing issues, resulting in an even more dire situation for the Afghan people.
Filmmaking Style: Throughout the documentary, Kohn adopts a journalistic approach, forgoing any excessive dramatization in favor of factual reporting. The director uses cinéma vérité techniques to portray an authentic representation of Afghanistan.
In conclusion, The Dark Side (2006) is a must-watch documentary for anyone seeking to grasp the nuances of the ongoing crisis in Afghanistan. By presenting a nuanced picture of the conflict and shedding light on the everyday hardships of the Afghan people, the film serves as an essential resource for understanding the true depth of the situation in the war-torn nation.
Taliban Country (2020)
Taliban Country is a 2020 documentary that provides a compelling insight into the daily lives of people in Afghanistan under the rule of the Taliban. The film, directed by John Smith, is an objective portrayal of the conflict-torn region, striving to maintain a neutral stance while capturing the gravity of the situation.
The documentary focuses on three primary aspects of life under the Taliban rule: the impact on education, women's rights, and the economy. These segments are thoughtfully woven together to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges faced by Afghan citizens.
Education: The film highlights the importance of education in Afghanistan and how it has been severely hindered by the Taliban's radical ideology. Interviews with teachers, students, and activists reveal the struggle to provide a basic education for all children despite the ongoing conflict. The documentary features footage of underground schools where both girls and boys are being educated in secret, risking severe punishment from the Taliban.
Women's Rights: The situation of women in Taliban-controlled areas is the most distressing aspect of the documentary. Through heart-wrenching stories and interviews, the film portrays the plight of Afghan women who are subjected to strict dress codes, limited mobility, and restricted access to education and healthcare. Several testimonials from female activists, journalists, and politicians bring to light the resilient efforts to improve women's rights within Afghanistan.
Economy: Lastly, Taliban Country explores the economic challenges that the Afghan population faces as a result of the Taliban's control. The documentary showcases the scarcity of jobs, limited opportunities for growth, and the continuous struggle of small businesses. Nevertheless, it also highlights the resourcefulness of Afghan citizens, who find ways to adapt and survive in these trying circumstances.
Overall, Taliban Country delivers a clear and confident message about the consequences of the Taliban's rule in Afghanistan and the resilience of its people. By using various formatting techniques, such as interviews, footage, and on-ground experiences, the documentary leaves a lasting impact on the viewer, urging them to stay informed and involved in the ongoing situation in Afghanistan.
ISIS in Afghanistan (2015)
In 2015, the presence of ISIS in Afghanistan was starting to become a significant concern for the international community. Documentaries discussing this topic helped raise awareness and provide insights into their operations and motives.
One notable documentary is Black Flags: The Rise of ISIS in Afghanistan. This Vice News production offers a comprehensive look into how the terrorist group established a foothold in the country. The documentary features interviews with key figures involved in the fight against ISIS, as well as encounters with Afghan citizens who experienced ISIS's brutality firsthand. It sheds light on the challenges faced by both national and foreign troops in their attempt to counteract this growing threat.
Several events in 2015 made ISIS's presence in Afghanistan more evident:
January 2015: Two former Taliban members pledge allegiance to ISIS and establish a small group in southern Afghanistan.
April 2015: A large-scale attack takes place in Jalalabad, killing at least 35 and injuring over 100 civilians. ISIS claims responsibility.
June 2015: The Afghan government publicly acknowledges ISIS's presence, stating the group is responsible for the abduction and murder of around 30 Hazara ethnic community members.
Jihad and Girls is another eye-opening documentary that focuses on the role of women in Afghanistan's ISIS insurgency, offering a unique perspective that is often overlooked. The film reveals how women are indoctrinated and willingly join the group to support their husbands and play an active role in the fight.
The fight against ISIS in 2015 forced the Afghan government and their allies to maintain a delicate balance. They faced a complex task of dealing with the Taliban insurgency and countering the rapid rise of ISIS, all while preventing collateral damage to civilians and the Afghan infrastructure. These documentaries have proven invaluable in educating the global community about this challenging situation.
The Secret War (2012)
The Secret War, a documentary released in 2012, offers a significant insight into the covert operations and various intelligence activities happening in Afghanistan. Directed by Richard Rowley, this film shines a light on the often overlooked aspects of the war in Afghanistan.
One of the key components of the documentary is its interviews with various experts and key personnel involved in these covert operations. Some of these individuals include:
Michael Semple, a leading expert on Afghanistan and former UN official
Matthew Hoh, a former U.S. Marine and State Department official
Anand Gopal, an independent journalist and author
These interviews provide a broad perspective on the motivations and complexities of the secret war carried out by intelligence agencies.
In the documentary, three main themes are explored:
The expansion of U.S. drone strikes in Afghanistan and Pakistan
The involvement of private military contractors in covert operations
The impact of the secret war on the local population
Using various sources of information and accounts from the ground, the documentary presents a compelling narrative of how these different aspects of the secret war have intertwined and affected the overall conflict in Afghanistan.
One of the most notable aspects of The Secret War is its use of multimedia to convey its message. The documentary incorporates:
Maps to show the geographical scope of the secret war
Photographs of key players and events
Video footage from on-the-ground reporting and official statements
Through these multimedia elements, the viewer is able to grasp the enormity and complexity of the secret war in Afghanistan.
Despite its informative content, critics have noted that the documentary's limited access to classified information may limit its overall accuracy and completeness. Nevertheless, The Secret War remains an important film for those interested in understanding the complexities and lesser-known aspects of the war in Afghanistan.
Fighting for bin Laden (2011)
Fighting for bin Laden is a 2011 documentary that offers an inside look into the world of Al Qaeda in Afghanistan. The film centers on the individuals who were once involved with the terrorist group, capturing their motivations, beliefs, and eventual disillusionment.
The documentary focuses on three main areas of interest:
Recruitment Process: The filmmakers explore how Al Qaeda actively sought out individuals from impoverished backgrounds and war-ravaged regions. They shed light on the methods used to indoctrinate new recruits, instilling in them a sense of loyalty and obedience to the organization and its cause.
Training Camps: Fighting for bin Laden gives the viewer a glimpse into the training camps where these individuals were forged into fighters. The documentary highlights the grueling physical and ideological training they underwent to prepare them for combat and martyrdom.
Disillusionment: The film delves into the eventual disillusionment that many of these fighters faced once they were confronted with the harsh realities of warfare and the questionable decisions made by their leadership.
Throughout the documentary, several key figures are interviewed and provide firsthand accounts of their experiences within Al Qaeda. These interviews are particularly powerful as they humanize the individuals and offer a unique perspective on the group's inner workings. Some notable interviews include:
Abdul Aziz – A former Al Qaeda commander who left the organization and now works to dissuade others from joining.
Malik Noorzai – A disillusioned fighter who became disillusioned after witnessing the senseless killing of his comrades and civilians.
In order to enhance the viewing experience and present complex information, the documentary uses various formatting techniques such as tables, bold, italic, and bullet points. These methods ensure that the facts are clearly presented while maintaining viewer engagement.
Fighting for bin Laden offers a rare opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of the organization that played a central role in the events of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent War on Terror. By providing a nuanced and intimate portrayal of the individuals involved, the documentary challenges preconceived notions and encourages viewers to engage with the subject matter in a more informed manner.
The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan (2010)
The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan is a thought-provoking documentary produced in 2010 by British filmmaker Jamie Doran and Afghan journalist Najibullah Quraishi. The film brings to light a hidden and deeply disturbing side of Afghan society: the practice of Bacha Bazi, or "boy play", in which young boys are exploited for entertainment and sexual purposes.
Disturbing Revelations
The documentary reveals how powerful men, known as "Bacha Bazi" masters, exploit vulnerable and poverty-stricken boys. These children, often aged between 9 to 15 years, are forcefully taken away from their families, socially ostracized, and enslaved. A few chilling aspects of this abominable practice include:
Boys dressed as females, performing dances at parties
Rape and sexual exploitation
Child trafficking
Investigative Methodology
Doran and Quraishi's rigorous investigation unravels the complex web of criminal networks and unveils a horrifying world of exploitation. They conduct interviews with several key players involved in this menacing subculture, such as:
Bacha Bazi masters: These individuals share a twisted, psychological attachment to their victims, and offer justifications for their actions, citing tradition and culture.
Victimized boys: The documentary provides a rare, harrowing glimpse into the lives of these boys, who suffer physically, emotionally, and mentally.
Government officials: The filmmakers expose the corruption and lack of action by the government, who turn a blind eye to the rampant child abuse.
International Reactions and Impact
The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan garnered significant attention and condemnation on the global stage. The documentary's shocking findings led to:
Widespread calls for international intervention and humanitarian aid
Increased pressure on the Afghan government to address the issue
Greater awareness of Bacha Bazi and child trafficking issues
In conclusion, The Dancing Boys of Afghanistan is an eye-opening exploration of a sinister subculture that remains a stain on Afghan society. The filmmakers' diligent investigation helped to raise awareness and engage global audiences, whilst shining a light on a heartbreaking issue that continues to plague the country.
Behind Taliban Lines (2010)
Behind Taliban Lines is a gripping documentary filmed by an Afghan journalist who spent ten days under cover with a group of insurgents in the northern region of Afghanistan. Released in 2010, the film is a raw inside look at the Taliban fighters during their combat missions against NATO forces and Afghan police.
The documentary provides a unique perspective on the mentality of the Taliban fighters, showcasing their commitment to their cause and their willingness to risk their lives for it. Key aspects of the film include:
Daily life: The film offers a glimpse into the everyday lives of Taliban fighters, which includes praying, training, resting, and strategizing.
Battlefield tactics: It reveals the insurgents' tactics in planning and executing attacks on NATO forces and Afghan police checkpoints.
Concerns and fears: Fighters are shown discussing their concerns about the safety of their families and the motivations behind their fight.
One striking aspect of Behind Taliban Lines is the level of access the journalist managed to secure. Despite the constant danger and risk of discovery, the filmmaker captures intimate and revealing moments of the insurgents on camera. Some notable scenes include:
The planning and execution of an ambush on an Afghan police outpost.
The fighters celebrating their progress, exemplifying their camaraderie and teamwork.
The militants discussing mistakes made during attacks and the need for improvement.
This documentary is a valuable resource for anyone seeking to understand the Taliban's mindset and the complexities surrounding their insurgency in Afghanistan at the time of filming. It is important to note that the film was released in 2010, and the situation in Afghanistan has since evolved. However, Behind Taliban Lines remains a remarkable piece of filmmaking that continues to inform and engage viewers, offering a rare and unfiltered look at the Taliban's operations and the everyday life of its members.
In Search of Al Qaeda (2002)
In Search of Al Qaeda is a 2002 documentary by renowned filmmaker Paul Mitchell. The documentary offers a gripping insight into the operations and history of the notorious terrorist organization Al Qaeda. Through interviews, archival footage, and various other forms of research, the viewer gains a better understanding of Al Qaeda's motivations and methodology.
One of the documentary's main focuses is on Osama bin Laden, the founder and leader of Al Qaeda. It delves into his early life, his upbringing, and the events that led him to become the infamous figure he is today. Mitchell explores the influences that shaped bin Laden and his followers, illustrating how their extreme path could have come to be.
To help structure the narrative, the documentary is divided into key themes:
Origins: Examining the history and development of Al Qaeda and its objectives.
Leadership: Exploring the influential figures, including Osama bin Laden, that shaped the organization.
Operations: Analyzing some of the most infamous attacks perpetrated by Al Qaeda, such as the 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings and the 9/11 attacks.
The documentary also highlights the strategies employed by counter-terrorism agencies when hunting for Al Qaeda operatives, presenting the viewer with a glimpse into the complex web of intelligence gathering and analysis that took place on a global scale.
Key moment in the documentary: During the documentary, Mitchell meets with a former Al Qaeda operative, who provides a first-hand account of life within the terrorist organization. This rare interview offers invaluable insight into Al Qaeda's internal structure and the mindset of its members.
Notably, In Search of Al Qaeda refrains from making any political statement and instead focuses on providing a comprehensive and objective understanding of the subject matter. The documentary's balanced and informative approach makes it a valuable resource for historians, researchers, and individuals seeking a better understanding of Al Qaeda and its activities.
Obama’s War (2009)
Obama’s War is a compelling 2009 documentary by PBS Frontline that delves into the complexities and challenges faced by the United States during its involvement in Afghanistan. Produced during Barack Obama's first year as President, this documentary provides a timely examination of the key aspects of the conflict and the decisions made by the Obama administration.
The documentary is structured around four primary themes: military strategy, Afghan security forces, counterinsurgency, and the role of Pakistan. By focusing on these areas, the film aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the contemporary dynamics of the war in Afghanistan.
Military Strategy: The documentary discusses the strategic shift by the Obama administration from focusing on Iraq to prioritizing Afghanistan. It highlights the debate surrounding the implementation of a counterinsurgency strategy, as well as the challenges faced by U.S. and NATO forces in implementing this approach.
Afghan Security Forces: A key element of the U.S. strategy was building the capacity of the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). The documentary examines the challenges faced in training and equipping ANSF, along with the issues of corruption and infiltration by Taliban sympathizers.
Counterinsurgency: The film delves into General David Petraeus' efforts to adapt the successful counterinsurgency strategy used in Iraq to the Afghan context. It explores the complexities of winning the "hearts and minds" of the Afghan population, balancing military operations while pursuing development and governance initiatives.
Role of Pakistan: The documentary provides an in-depth analysis of the complex relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It highlights the challenges posed by the porous border, the often-contradictory role of Pakistan's intelligence service (ISI), and the sanctuaries provided to the Taliban within Pakistani territory.
Throughout the documentary, interviews with key stakeholders, including military leaders, policy makers, and Afghan civilians, offer a variety of perspectives on the conflict. By examining U.S. policy within these thematic areas, Obama’s War offers insightful content for audiences interested in the intricacies of the U.S. involvement in Afghanistan.
The War Briefing (2008)
The War Briefing is a powerful 2008 documentary that provides a deep dive into the complex and challenging war in Afghanistan. Directed by Marcela Gaviria and Martin Smith, the film sheds light on the different aspects of the conflict, making it an essential watch for those interested in understanding the war.
At the core of the documentary are interviews with key figures, such as:
General David Petraeus, the top American commander in the Middle East
Ambassador Ryan Crocker, former U.S. Ambassador in Afghanistan
Current and former U.S. service members
These interviews offer significant insights into the military strategies, successes, failures, and lessons learned during the conflict.
Throughout the film, The War Briefing helps to elucidate the reasons behind the Afghanistan conflict, touching on topics such as:
The rise of the Taliban in the 1990s
The events following the 9/11 attacks
The U.S. intervention
The NATO involvement
The resurgence of the Taliban
The use of graphics and maps also aids viewers in comprehending the geopolitical complexities within the region and the ultimate ramifications of various military and political decisions.
In conclusion, The War Briefing serves as a valuable resource for those seeking a comprehensive and informed perspective on the prolonged and multidimensional Afghan conflict. The documentary's presentation and expert insights, combined with its clear and neutral tone, truly makes it an essential piece of historical documentation.
Return of the Taliban (2006)
Return of the Taliban is a 2006 documentary directed by Kevin Toolis and produced by the British television broadcaster, Channel 4. This film provides an insight into the resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan, approximately five years after their initial overthrow in 2001.
The documentary focuses on the following key aspects:
The resurgence of the Taliban in southern Afghanistan
The reasons behind their return and their new tactics
The reaction from Afghan locals and the international community
One of the key themes presented throughout the documentary is the adaptability of the Taliban in the face of a changing landscape. The film explores the ways in which the group has altered their approach, shifting from strict Sharia law enforcement to a less orthodox, more cunning strategy. This includes the employment of suicide bombings, targeted assassinations, and coordinated attacks on local infrastructure.
Crucial Reasons for the Taliban's Resurgence:
Growing disillusionment with the Afghan government and its inability to provide basic services
Resentment against foreign military presence
Development of highly effective and brutal insurgency tactics
The documentary also examines the impact of the resurgence on local communities. As the influence of the Taliban expands, local residents find themselves caught between the competing forces of the Afghan government, foreign military powers, and the Taliban insurgents. Return of the Taliban offers a unique opportunity for viewers to hear firsthand accounts from those most affected by the reemerging power struggle.
Throughout the film, the filmmakers meticulously present facts and statistics to support their narration and highlight the gravity of the situation. This clear, factual approach helps create a balanced narrative and maintains the documentary's neutral tone.
In conclusion, Return of the Taliban (2006) is a compelling and informative documentary that provides a detailed analysis of the resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan. Providing viewers with valuable context and history, the film raises important questions about the challenges faced by the Afghan government and the international community in countering this growing menace.
Bush’s War (2008)
Bush's War is a compelling 2008 documentary that provides a comprehensive and insightful look into the decisions and actions of the United States during the Afghanistan War. Directed by Michael Kirk, the film is broken down into two parts, each running approximately two hours.
The first part of the documentary explores the initial invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The film dives into the reasons behind the invasion and the key players involved, such as President George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, and Colin Powell. It delves into the early military strategy and the commitment to overthrow the Taliban government and disrupt Al-Qaeda operations.
Important events in Part One:
9/11 terrorist attacks
Launch of Operation Enduring Freedom
Fall of Kabul and Kandahar
The second part of the film shifts its focus to the delayed response in Afghanistan as attention turns to Iraq in 2003. The documentary delves into the consequences of the shift, resulting in a resurgence of the Taliban and a lack of resources dedicated to Afghanistan. The film further discusses how the ongoing conflict in Iraq impacted the overall War on Terror.
Important events in Part Two:
Rising insurgency in Afghanistan
Division among US officials and military
Struggles faced by NATO forces in Afghanistan
Throughout the documentary, the use of interviews with key officials, insiders, and military personnel provides insider perspectives on the decisions made and their implications. Bush's War remains a valuable resource for understanding the complexities of the Afghanistan conflict and the impact of the decisions that shaped its course.
Conclusion
Afghanistan has seen a remarkable shift in its landscape due to international collaboration and numerous peace efforts undertaken by various parties. The sense of hope for a brighter future has continued to grow, often captured in the diverse documentaries that provide snapshots of this evolving nation.
By exploring the past and present of Afghanistan through these documentaries, one can better understand the nation's future prospects and the continuing need for collaboration and solidarity on a global scale.
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